Platos Views on the Technology of Writing Essay example

Platos Views on the Technology of Writing In the book Phaedrus Plato offers a lot of criticism for a writing technology that not many of us would ever think as writing technology, let alone criticize it. This writing technology is none other than writing itself. When people think of writing technology they mostly think of the printing press, the computer, the typewriter and such. Yet no one stops to think of writing. Writing has had such a major impact on society that who would ever think that the one of the greatest minds of all time opposed it. Plato was not just a crazy old man afraid of change; his criticism can still be applied today. For many people, writing has always been around. It’s hard to†¦show more content†¦For example, in school when students take notes in class they don’t bother to memorize the information right away as they are listening to it. Students rely on the fact that they took notes and can refer to the notes later on. Consider a student getting ready to do their homework. The first thing that student will probably do is look at his/her assignment book where she wrote down what the assignments are for each class and when they are due. Planners are widely used by students to remember all the assignments for each of their classes and due dates. Many people also use planners for their jobs and daily activities. Some of these people could not function without a planner. Not many people think of planners or notes as promoters of forgetfulness, but they are. Just think of how many people could not remember a spouse’s birthday or an anniversary if the y didn’t have it written down somewhere. Think of how many late assignments student would turn in because they relied solely on memory. Forgetfulness was not the only thing Plato was worried about when it came to writing. He was also concerned about how permanent writing was. When you look at the difference between writing and speech a major difference is how variable speech can be. Plato saw this as a benefit not a detriment. When someone gives a speech there are many people present who serve as witnesses. These people can argue with the orator or point out mistakes.Show MoreRelated The Power Of Writing Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Power Of Writing When I entered this class I didn’t think that we would be discussing the concept of writing. In fact, I never thought the concept of writing was that complicated enough to be discussed in a classroom setting. However, as demonstrated throughout history different forms of communication, such as writing, have shaped and evolved human interaction and invoked societal change. For example, in Walter Ong’s essay, â€Å"Writing is a Technology that Restructures Thought,† Ong acknowledgesRead MorePlato And His Influences On Plato s Philosophy1370 Words   |  6 Pagestheir own impact on Platonic ideas or theory. Heraclitus influenced Plato’s conception of the sensible world. Parmenides and Zeno played a strong role in Plato’s Forms Theory. He used the forms to satisfy the requirements of the metaphysical unity and stability. Also, he mixed Pythagorean ideas regarding the intelligible and the politics from Socrates. Pythagoreans is offend known to have i nfluenced the mathematical aspect of Plato’s ideas. Although, he had a lot of influences, no one top Socrates influenceRead More Literary Utopian Societies Essays1747 Words   |  7 Pagesmet, society must analyze utopias in order to improve their existing environment. Plato’s Republic was the first â€Å"true† work considered to be utopian literature. In fact, the Republic influenced almost all later text written on the subject of utopia (Manuel 7). Although the Republic was one of the most influential works in utopian literature, the society that it represented also had many obvious flaws. First, Plato’s utopia had a distinct class system (Morely iii, Bloom xiii). The privileged classRead MoreBiography of Socrates, An Annotated Bibliography1581 Words   |  6 PagesPlato. The use of language and vocabulary is a little difficult for the normal audience to understand. However, the information in the journal is very appealing and informative. Nichols, Mary P. â€Å"Philosophy and Empire: On Socrates and Alcibiades in Plato’s â€Å"Symposium†.† Polity.39 .4 (2007): 502-521. Print. Mary P. Nichols, the chair of the Department of Political Science at Baylor University and author of Socrates and the Political Community (1987); Citizens and Statesmen: A Commentary on Aristotle’sRead MoreThe Contemporary Views On Metaphysics1269 Words   |  6 Pagescenturies views on metaphysics have been laid as foundations, altered for society or simply changed for the better. As this world continues to grow and modernize, so have our views. The contemporary views on metaphysics are extended upon the more traditional views laid in the ancient or medieval times. Martin Heidegger is a contemporary existentialist, who studied the reason of being. He was an important figure of philosophy in the 20th century. His views are very different from the ancient views of metaphysicsRead MoreDavid and Goiath: The Tale of Poetry738 Words   |  3 PagesPoetry The utility of poetry has been debated for thousands of years; around 2,500 years ago Plato called for it to be banned for its lack of utility. Plato’s views on poetry were not wrong; looking at it from a purely practical point of view, poetry is not a necessity. It is incomparable to what society considers essential – medicine, technology, leadership. If there were an apocalypse in the future, and we could select only a few people to survive it, the poet would not stand a chance. And yetRead MoreFahrenheit 451 And The Allegory Of The Cave By Ray Bradbury952 Words   |  4 Pageswife, asks him, â€Å"How long you figure before we save up and get the fourth wall torn out and a fourth wall-TV put in?† (Bradbury 18). Kristin King-Ries goes into depth about censorship with some history about Bradbury, and his state of mind while writing Fahrenheit 451. King-Ries explains how Bradbury witnessed censorship â€Å"†¦in places such as the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin and Germany under Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party† (340).During these times there wereRead MoreThe And Theory Of The Tripartite Soul1765 Words   |  8 Pagesinfluential philosopher of all time, how does one stop and gather every thought into one paper. The historical significance of Plato has impacted generations for more than two thousand years. In fact, his writings, which consisted of mostly dialogues, has probably had more influence than any set of writings in the Western World apart from the Judeo-Christian Bible. As I dug into the life of Plato, which can be an endless search with overwhelming amount of information, his lasting ideas can be summed upRead MoreThucydides vs. Plato1598 Words   |  7 Pagesclaims, whereas Plato is making normative claims. Is that true? Support your answer in your paper. Plato and Thucydides together had strikingly dissimilar views on their tactic on the good life. Many have demanded that Plato is making normative rights, whereas Thucydides has made empirical claims. Lets first take a look at Plato. Platos philosophy on the decent life was based on the confidence that all has an objective or use that is classically suited for asset, beauty, fairness, and excellenceRead MoreA Biblical View of Science, Technology, and Business: Do Utilitarian’s Agree with These Biblical Views?1835 Words   |  8 PagesA Biblical View of Science, Technology, and Business: Do Utilitarian’s Agree with These Biblical Views? Utilitarianism was originated by Epicurus in ancient Greece and is the doctrine that an action is right as long as it promotes happiness, usefulness, and overall pleasurableness. If the action inflicts pain than it is not seen as right. Many of these ideas adapted well with the all of the modernization and changes that were occurring in the technology, science, and business world during the

Overpopulation Is The Scarcity Of Food Supplies - 1408 Words

Overpopulation is defined as the condition when the number of people surpasses the maximum capacity that Earth can hold (ConserveEnergyFuture, 2013). When overpopulation occurs, the number of resources on Earth cannot support the total population, thus resulting in various problems that conflict with the world’s peace and harmony. One major problem that is caused by overpopulation is the scarcity of food supplies. There is not enough food being produced to feed the mouths of the endlessly increasing population. Therefore, many people all over the world starve and are malnourished, which is why many armed and international conflicts have occurred in the past years fighting over natural resources. However, with international cooperation and uses of scientific applications, many possible and sustainable solutions have arisen. One solution that has arisen to act against the food shortage in the world is to target and focus on the agricultural sector. One proposed root o f the cause of food shortage in the world is the lacking amount of produce from agriculture. In the past years, the use of biotechnology to increase agricultural product has been introduced multiple times. (The Editors, 2008) However, many activists have opposed the idea due to fears about the possible dangers with biotechnology and genetically modified organisms (GMOs). One example is food allergies. If a person is allergic to nuts and consumes a GMO without knowing it contains nut genes, thenShow MoreRelatedOverpopulation Pressures Our Natural Resources and Environment743 Words   |  3 Pagesall associated with massive population growth. Thus, overpopulation is major contributor to environmental deterioration (Ehrlich and Ehrlich 2012). Further implication to overpopulation harm humans themselves, each individual added to population will consume food, water, and energy. The pressure from population will require more energy to secure their needs (Ehrlich and Ehrlich 2012). This will result in inequity between people through the scarcity of resources that lead to hunger and poverty. TheRead MoreOverpopulation And Its Effects On The Environment1428 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation is often Times argued as one of the most severe, if not the most severe, environmental problem. This past year world population exceeded 7.3 billion and continues to grow at an alarming rate. By the year 2050 it is projected that world population will exceed over nine billion. Overpopulation puts a serious strain on the world and its resources and is a root cause of many environmental issues. Issues such as, climate change, diminishing biodiversity, and pollution, are all just someRead MoreEnvironmental Problems Caused By Deforestation1055 Words   |  5 Pagesoverusing the natural resources that the Earth provides to them. The planet is going through a lot of environmental problems. These problems affect all the living beings on Earth. Some of the examples are global warming, pollution of air, water, land, overpopulation, climate change, deforestation, etc. Our planet is facing severe environmental crises with all these examples. The Earth is getting worse everyday because the harm that humans are doing everyday such as deforestation, industrialization, exploitationRead MoreWater Is The Most Precious Resource This Planet Has To1292 Words   |  6 Pagesinefficiently and irresponsibly, one that takes more 42% humanity’s accessible fresh water and wastes it. Unless we take the proper initiative, our world’s water supplies will slowly deplete, leaving earth in an eternal drought, which could potentially cause an end to the human race. Agriculture is an industry that will cause water scarcity to erupt throughout the world if not changed from its irresponsible methods. As the world’s largest industry, agriculture uses 70% of our accessible remaining freshwaterRead MoreBenefits Of Water Conservation Policies1390 Words   |  6 PagesMs. Hurts Period 6 9/23/16 Mrs. Hurts What is harming life â€Å"water† ? The major resource in the world â€Å"Water† for most people meaning life which created all living things that exist; has come to a point of scarcity. Imagine living in world where the most needed resource â€Å"water† was unavailable. For some, around the world people have been experiencing it. Countries like China and India have been suffering of bad and poor quality water. But it did not happen until the last years that peopleRead MoreThe Effects Of The Malthusian Catastrophe Throughout The Past Few Centuries1498 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst this notion with a pessimist view of population growth. The reproduction of humans and the depletion of food were evident and are still evident today. The world is becoming more populous and with it more prosperous; humans as a whole are consuming more food, water, and natural resources than ever. In Malthus’ time the same dilemma was seen as timber supplies diminished supplies transferred to a profuse amount of coal. However, some of the natural resources do not have substitutes (LahartRead MoreOverpopulation : A Common Misconception1396 Words   |  6 Pagesforce, which is currently plaguing the planet. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fact that, overpopulation is not the primary cause of our modern day predicaments, but is merely a tributary to the actual source. Environmental, economic, agricultural and political factors are some of the main incipient issues, which have thus been ignored, and have resulted in the myth called overpopulation. The negative repercussions of these aspects will be examined, along with a comprehensive study intoRead MoreWater Scarcity655 Words   |  3 PagesEssay’s topic: Water scarcity is one of the key environmental issue of our time. Identify some major causes of water scarcity and describe two solutions. Water plays an important role in developing and maintaining healthy ecosystems. However, water scarcity is an increasing and widespread phenomenon in many countries in the world. Water scarcity refers to either the lack of enough water or lack of access to safe water. The shortage of water is turning out to be more pressing than prediction. ThisRead MoreThe Problem Of A World Problem1281 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment. Hite and Seitz attributed the population booms to three major factors that influenced development and population. Beginning with the agriculture boom, people began to grow their populations because they could sustain more people with the more food they were growing. Then came the industrial revolution, which increased the quality of life for people, causing them to once again increase populations. Still, populations were multiplying steadily because death rates were still high. Now, we are seeingRead MoreOverpopulation Is a Growing Problem Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation is a growing problem all over the world. This is a very important environmental issue and needs to be dealt with. This environmental problem is affecting many countries in the world, but mostly the poor and impoverished countries that don’t have the resources to help deal with these issues. It also affects the environment like plants animal life and air quality. When the population of people expands we need more natural resources from the environment, so we consume more then we can

Macbeth Supernatural Forces Essay Example For Students

Macbeth Supernatural Forces Essay In the play â€Å"Macbeth,† there were many interesting sectionswhich could be concentrated on due to the suspense and the involvement of the supernatural. The use of the supernatural in the witches, the visions, the ghost, and the apparitions is a key element in making the concept of the play work and in making the play interesting. Looking through each Act and Scene of the play, it is noticed that the supernatural is definitely a major factor on the play’s style. The use of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the play,with three witches predicting the fate of Macbeth. This gives the audience a clue to what the future holds for Macbeth. â€Å"When the battles lost and won† (Act I, Scene I, l.4) was said by the second witch. It says that every battle is lost by one side and won by another. Macbeth’s fate is that he will win the battle, but will lose his time of victory for the battle of his soul. After the prophecies of the witches’ revealed the fate of Macbeth, the plan in which to gain power of the throne is brought up. The only way to gain power of the throne was for Macbeth to work his way to the throne, or to murder King Duncan. Murdering the king wasan easier plan since the motivation in his dreams urged him on. Lady Macbeth also relied on the supernatural by her soliloquy of calling upon the evil spirits to give her the power to plot the murder ofDuncan without any remorse or conscience (Act I, Scene V, ll.42-57). The three sisters are capable of leading people into danger resulting in death, such as the sailor who never slept (Act I, Scene III, ll.1-37). Lady Macbeth has convinced her husband Macbeth to murder King Duncan. On the night they planned to kill Duncan, Macbeth is waiting for Lady Macbeth to ring the signal bell to go up the stairs to Duncan’s chamber. He sees the vision of the floating dagger. The interest of the dagger is that it leads Macbeth towards the chamber by the presence of evil of the dagger being covered with blood. Then the bell rings and Macbeth stealthily proceeds up the staircase to Duncan’s chamber. Once the murder has been committed, eventually Banquo has his suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan to have power of the throne. There is constantly more guilt and fear inside Macbeth and his wife that they decide to have Banquo killed. Macbeth and his wife attend a banquet in which a ghost appears. Once the murderer notified Macbeth that the deed was done, he observed the ghost of Banquo sitting in his regular seat. This caused Macbeth to act in a wild manner, making people suspicious of his ac tions. (Act III, Scene VI, ll.31-120). The use of the supernatural has increased the suspense now that Macbeth is constantly relying on the prophecies of the three witches. Hecate, the Queen of witches is angry with the three sisters for not involving her in their encounters with Macbeth. The witches plan to lead Macbeth to his downfall by making him feel over-confident. (Act III, Scene V, ll.1-35). Further on in the play, Macbeth finds his way to the witches’ cave and demands to know what lies ahead for him. The three witches predict what he is going to ask and produce the first apparition which is an armed head. â€Å"Macbeth!, Macbeth!, Macbeth!, beware of Macduff; beware thane of Fife. Dismiss me: enough.† (Act VI, Scene I, ll.77-78). The first apparition tells Macbeth to beware of Macduff. Then the second apparition appears (a bloody child), and says: â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth.† (Act IV, Scene I, ll.85-87). This apparition informs Macbeth that no man born from a woman can harm him. finally, the last apparition appears and is a child crowned, with a tree in his hand. The apparition is saying that he will never be defeated until Great Birnam wood shall come against him to HighDunsinane Hill. â€Å"Be lion melted, proud, and take no care who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are: Macbeth shall never vanquish’d be until Great Birnam wood to High Dunsinane Hill shall come againsthim.† (Act VI, Scene I, ll.98-102). These apparitions convinced Macbeth that this was his fate and became over confident, and lead him to his death. The use of the supernatural in Macbeth results quite well withthe respect of the unknown. Without the witches, the ghost, the visions, and the apparitions, â€Å"Macbeth† would have been a dull and tiresome play. Even today’s readers need motivation to read, and this ancient superstition of spirits enhanced the play dramatically.

Innovation Of The Workplace

Innovation of the workplace to promote sustainable and productive growth Conflicts arise because people lack immediate clarifications to problems that require solutions. Unlike most of us who are evaders and do not feel comfortable dealing with problems, the organization has problem solving procedures such as rules that make the workplace more user-friendly or conflict-friendly. Conflicts occur every now and then and people ought to consider then as opportunities for improving relationships and systems.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Innovation Of The Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They provide the information or the chance to come up with solutions such as rules or regulations that overcome any future possibilities of similar circumstances. In line with Hansen, (2009) the biggest mistake people make is to have the predisposition of coming up with solutions over conflicts immediately other than avail ing time for better understanding and thus stronger solutions. The first step to solving conflicts is to understand that today; the customer needs the sole power over choice of service and goods. The rule ought to support sustainable productive economic growth. Considering that, the Sprint Store determines the employees’ progress towards achieving certain goals by analysing the total sales, the income produce per employee or their dues ought to be equivalent to the product of labour productivity, intensity and customer satisfaction. The second rule should control the labour productivity. One of the major catalysts for revenue in a company is group work. Considering that the employees of Sprint Store work as a duo, the company should invest the human capital in the same setting by letting the total sales be equitable to both thus the extra remuneration divides equally among them. The aim of the company is to improve performance and reach the targeted sales. The rules and regul ations ought to enhance the chances for technological development and promote new modes in the workplace operations. Working as group boosts the knowledge intensity of the workers and production of technological developments. The third rule would entail the source of the economical growth. For such a setting as the Sprint Store, the labour intensity should equate to the product of hours worked by every employee and the share of the employment within the group setting. This ensures that the employee is responsible of their individual performance and that of their group. Under this criterion, the management can still easily know the laxity of one member. This means that the management is in a position to know the productivity of a group and that of an individual and determine who does not fit on a certain group setting.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This third recommendation raises the question of one member taking over the other by serving all the customers. A rule or regulation requiring management to perform an analysis of the customers’ response towards services nullifies fears of segregation since no sales man would be in a position of serving all the customers with the aim of denying the counterpart a chance, without messing on delivery. A good sales firm must provide the customers with simple questioners to help in such analysis. Lastly, it is important to value the Quality of the work life by analyzing productivity. In most companies, the relationship between productivity and quality of the working life is a zero rated relationship. The overall sales goals ought to be enhancement of technology for instance upgrading the workplace operations. The shortcoming of the current workforces for instance the conflicts over interests as experienced in the Sprint Store are solvable through ensuring improved operations over the relationship between the labour productivity and quality of the work life. The ultimate recommendation that company should make has to promote the developmental role of the social partners. According to Hansen, (2009) major policy issues are today turning to be heated managerial debates in majority of the companies concerning promotion of innovation. The policies should also encourage individual level decision-making capabilities that relate to development of the workplace. A good sales person has the ability to change personal decision based on the thought of the customer. The choices enable one to not necessary win over everyone or everything but the self-respect that is often over looked by others. (Hansen, 2009) References Hansen, J. (2009, November 15). Sales Tips – 5 Rules of Improve For Sales Success. Retrieved from https://ezinearticles.com/?Sales-Tips—5-Rules-of-Improv-For-Sales-Successid=3270963 This essay on Innovation Of The Workplace was written and submitted by user Jake Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What happened when we left an error in an email to 7,000 people - Emphasis

What happened when we left an error in an email to 7,000 people What happened when we left an error in an email to 7,000 people I love my job, on most days. We help people with a task that millions find very stressful and problematic. So its incredibly rewarding to be able to relieve that pain. For me, its the best job in the world. Most days. Then there are the other (thankfully) much rarer days, when things don’t quite go according to plan. I had one of those days last Tuesday. That was the day we sent out our e-bulletin, complete with a howling typo, to seven thousand subscribers. Now, dear reader, if you’re ever looking for a guaranteed way to show up every mistake in a piece of writing, that method takes some beating. I can’t honestly say its one Id recommend though. We spotted the mistake in the email as soon as we’d sent it (and before we sent it, in fact – see below). You probably did, too. But in case you missed it, here it is again (because we’re nothing if not gluttons for punishment): While your on that page, don’t forget to sign up to Jacob’s free, seven-part grammar and punctuation course. I know: it’s awful. So awful that I could barely bring myself to type those words. (It should, of course, have read you’re.) Other people may be able to get away with a slip of the fingers, but not us. We obviously need to be squeaky clean in these matters, simply because of what we do. Nor was the irony of such a basic mistake in a sentence advertising a grammar course lost on us. Believe me, a typo like that really is the stuff of nightmares for us. The response from our enthusiastic subscriber base was as swift and uncompromising as it was understandable. My email inbox quickly filled up with messages from loyal readers wondering what on earth we were playing at. Initially, I was blissfully unaware of the grammar firestorm that had erupted back at Emphasis HQ. I was on a half-term holiday with my family, and my WiFi connection was relaxed at best. When I did finally get a connection, I almost wished I’d stayed offline a little longer. The first thing that came through was an instant message from one of my team, warning me of the error. I spent the next hour on the phone to them, trying to piece together just how the mistake had slipped through the net. Then I started working my way through sending a personal email of apology and explanation to every person who’d emailed me. (It was the digital equivalent of putting on a hair shirt.) I also promised them free access to our new e-learning course, Writing better email, to thank them for their trouble. (If you were one of those people, Ill be emailing you a link today.) Ill tell you how they reacted in a minute. But first, what exactly did go wrong? Well, as I mentioned, my initial slip of the fingers had been spotted during our proofreading process and duly corrected. But the correction had been made in the HTML code. Then, somehow, it was an older version of the code that our mailing system sent out. Now, our proofreading methods are pretty good (as you would hope). But any process is only as good as its weakest link, which in this case was making the final corrections in the code. Needless to say, we won’t be doing that again. (We’ve since changed mailing systems, so that we don’t have to.) Im sorry, and I hope you can forgive us this one. Please rest assured that, whatever effect it’s had on your view of us, it’s nothing compared with the soul-searching that’s still going on at Emphasis HQ. However, there is what may be a helpful postscript to this story: the reactions I received to my emails of apology. More than two-thirds of the people I personally emailed took the trouble to write back (in most cases immediately) to say that no harm had been done and that, if anything, our reaction to what were already calling Yourgate had enhanced their view of Emphasis. Im not so vain or naà ¯ve to think that leaving in the error was a good thing. But that feedback suggests that, should you ever mess up, you could do worse than adopt a similar approach. As one correspondent put it, ‘These things happen in business. But, as you’ve proved, it’s how you respond to them that counts.’ That was from the MD of a large investment bank, no less, who took time out from his evening to write me that email. (I was – and still am – so grateful for his response and the many others I got over the next few days.) Unfortunately, the only certain way to avoid mistakes in what you write is never to write anything at all. Weve got no intention of doing that and well continue to provide our free advice for as long as we can. Realistically, at some point, another error will eventually slip through the net, no matter how hard we try to stop that happening. For us, its a terrifying prospect. So, the next time you have writer’s block, perhaps you can draw comfort from the fact that you don’t have to put ‘business-writing adviser’ at the end of every email. Because, believe me, that is the best way I know to paralyse even the most fluent of writers. Image credit: Guilhem Vellut

The information systems identity crisis essayEssay Writing Service

The information systems identity crisis essayEssay Writing Service The information systems identity crisis essay The information systems identity crisis essayFor thousands of years already people need to exist in communities, this means, that communication is the key element, connecting them and coordinating their cooperation. Along with technological development in all our life spheres, the development of communication means was also moving quickly forward. Such inventions, as radio, television, telephone played vitally important role for making the process of communication quicker and easier. The greatest breakthrough in the field of communication technologies was brought without any doubts by the creation of Internet and all the means, which can be used with its help. Internet nowadays is one of the perfectly suitable and equipped means for storing and transferring any kind of information, including text, video, photos. The system is initially worked out as demanding the authorized access to any type of data, however, the preserving of privacy and security still remains the key task for our digital world. â€Å"Unauthorized access can be detrimental, resulting in financial loss, the release of confidential information, damages to computer systems, costly staff time to restore operations, diminished reputation, and embarrassing changes to a website by cyber vandalism† (Alter, 2006:12). Computer networks are in use almost in all businesses and organizations, state and private ones. This is the main reason, why high-skilled professionals in the field of computer network security have become an integral part of any organization. Further in this paper we are going to study the notion of information system, the possible ways of attacking it along with various security means, which need to be applied, to guarantee its operability and security.Along with development of Internet and its resources, the notion â€Å"information systems† appeared; it is generally defined as â€Å"the study of complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizati ons use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data† (Agarwal and Lucas, 2005: 2). Internet contributed to development of strong connection between the computer science and business, giving the possibility to use various computer resources and algorithmic processes for optimizing the work of business organizations. Computer information systems â€Å"is a field studying computers and algorithmic processes, including their principles, their software and hardware designs, their applications, and their impact on society, while IS emphasizes functionality over design† (Alter, 2006:16).In this case the information systems serve not only as means of exchanging of the necessary information, but also as a way to support all the processes in all business spheres. Computers and software are constantly involved into working out the business plans, into the actions for realization of these plans, in retrieving the information and manipulating with it and so on.Long befo re the development of computer systems, various systematic approaches were considered and worked out with the aim to control the information flow as well as ensuring its secure flow, transmission and storage. Nowadays, the security of computer systems, information systems is of the highest importance for all businesses. There are a numerous ways of protecting the information, but first we are going to start from the main types of attacks, which could be done with the aim of retrieving the unauthorized access to information. The most general feature of all computer attacks is the usage of technical or human weak points. To human weaknesses usually belong the mistakes, made by inexperienced users, bad physical security for example. Technical weaknesses include not sufficient protection features, drawbacks of implementation and so on.It is necessary to mention from the very beginning, that it is close to impossible to enumerate and list all the possible technical attacks. This happens because there are certain attack patterns, which could be used in multiple combinations and are limited only by the inventiveness of the attackers. Usually, serious attacks involve several techniques at a time. So, we are going to study only the general ones.One of the first examples of attacks is the so-called â€Å"sniffing†, which means the presence of an uninvited listener, who doesn’t detect himself. Sometimes, it is substituted by the term â€Å"eavesdropping†. This attack type is based on the usage of a â€Å"covert channel†, being an additional channel, not foreseen in the initial version of the program, thus violating its security.Reply is another form of attack, which involves inserting of information into the system and passing this information to the final point, as a result sending an attack towards the system. It is often used in order to get the access to some information, via making the receiver refer the attacker to a trusted party.The pr ocess of transition of any data is also rather vulnerable to attacks, often the data can be modified and the necessary password is retrieved. Attack of data in the process of transferring is more sophisticated as attacks against persistent stores, it belongs to the category of â€Å"file manipulation† attacks.Automatic detection of attack is often applied as the means, for securing the systems, at the same time it can be used as the means for intrusion, if only the response of the intrusion detection system is delayed and there is enough time for retrieving the necessary data (Rainer and Cegielski, 2009: 12). This type of attack got the name denial of service.Forced restart of re-installation can be used in case of necessity to introduce some malicious software. When the system requires the re-start because of some mistake, this software is installed during the process. This technique is widely used, because the general rule confirms, that backup resources usually are less s ecure, than the initial resources.â€Å"The term hijacking is usually used to refer to an attack that involves disconnecting a server resource in some manner from a resource channel and replacing it with a different server resource† (Rainer and Cegielski, 2009: 13).We have listed only some most well-known and used techniques for breaking the security of information. From this list, we can already assume, that there are numerous ways to get, to transfer and to delete the needed information, without permission of the official holder of this information. Thus this long list only confirms the idea, that strong information security system, operations, resources are remaining actual for any information storage, including personal data, as well as any business or social storages.Passing to the research of the ways to secure information, we need to define the notion of information security in general. â€Å"Information security is the practice of defending information from unauthori zed access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, perusal, inspection, recording or destruction (Alter, 2006:23). Usually two key components of information security are pointed out: information technology security and information assurance. The first one includes the set of means, worked out by the IT security specialists, in order to protect various types of data for large business organizations, able to stop any kind of malicious attacks. Information assurance is used to save the information from being lost due to some critical situations, for example malfunction of a computer or server, natural disasters and so on. One of the methods here is to create a backup possibility for all important information. Both components are vitally important for normal operation of most military, health care, financial institutions, various types of businesses and finally for sustaining of privacy of all people, using computers.Usual people are used to the advantages brought by Internet, unfor tunately rather often they forget about the necessary steps to ensure their security. At the same time there are enough individuals, who see the advantages of Internet in the frames of some criminal activities. The simplest things, which people should always do, is to control their bank accounts and credit cards, be careful about giving out their personal information, such as telephone, address, personal data to some unknown online resources.Certainly even if all these steps are taken, they can not guarantee complete security for information and data. In order to resist constant illegal attacks a whole system of Internet security was worked out to deal with â€Å"hacking, where unauthorized users gain access to computer systems, email accounts or websites; viruses and other malicious software (malware), which can damage data or make systems vulnerable to other threats; and identity theft, where hackers steal personal details such as credit card numbers and bank account informationà ¢â‚¬  (Agarwal and Lucas, 2005: 2).Most of Internet users are used to the word â€Å"virus†; in fact this notion includes the malware, such as viruses, worms and Trojans. Viruses and worms are able to spread from one computer to the other via downloading of some data or using USB flashcards without previous checks. Trojans are used to steal the needed information such as passwords or financial data. In order to protect the computers from the above-described problems it is necessary to install the corresponding anti-malware  Firewalls also help to control the incoming information, based on special rules, they define the dangerous information, such as malicious codes for example, also they are able to prevent uncovering of the information from networks.All Internet users need to install browser to use the Internet resources, some of them have security flaws, that’s why it is so important to choose the secure one.The most widely used way of transmitting of information today is electronic mail. In order to secure the information, which is sent, it is necessary to use special anti-malware applications. Thorough control of the incoming emails should help not to bring virus or worms to ones personal computer.Most of the businesses, private organizations, as well as state institutions have their own web sites, this is the easiest way to present information and to attract people, clients. Often the owners of websites suffer from DoS attacks – Denial of service. This type of attack makes the usage and access to the web site impossible. Firewalls and special systems, called â€Å"cleans pipes† are able to solve this problem (Agarwal and Lucas, 2005: 3-4).The last, but not the least important way of securing one’s information is controlling the data by the user himself. No anti-malware or firewalls are able to save the system and the stored information, if a user gives out the passwords, not carefully treating his information.  Over all, in this paper were have studies the key notions, related to the modern information systems, including the nowadays ways of storing and transferring of information; we have stopped at some most widely used techniques of breaking the system security and ways of attacking the information storages; finally, we discussed the possible technical ways of securing information, along with influence of human factor.

Module 8 DQ 1 and 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Module 8 DQ 1 and 2 - Assignment Example Particularly, when one knows how to carry out critical appraisal on interval variables, translating the research results and findings into practice becomes possible. For instance, when determining the relationship between temperature and effective treatment, the use of internal variables may come in handy. A physician who is thorough in research studies will for instance know that a temperature of 0.0 on the two sides of the scales must not be misconstrued to mean the absence of temperature, just as a PH of 0.0 will not mean the absence of acidity. The determination of the PH and temperature is very sacrosanct to the provision of healthcare services. The same use of statistical provisions as part of the EBR in medical services provision heavily relies on the concept of statistical significance. By being able to appreciate the importance of significance level, the director of the nursing department will be able to correctly decide whether to discard research findings as false, or to implement them as true. For instance, a statistical significance of .95 will compel the director of the Federal Qualified Healthcare Center, nursing department, to adopt research findings of an inquiry on the relationship between inpatient admission and patient satisfaction. Throughout the course, the connection between the use of research and efficiency in the administration of healthcare services is maintained, and thereby helping the learner appreciate the nexus between EBR and patient-centered medical programs. The term informed consent is a legal jargon applicable in many fields including healthcare. The fundamentals that must be thought out when invoking informed consent from the patient are competency, benefits, risks and details. According to Hahn and Collier (2010), competency demands that the patient should have a mind that is at least able to comprehend the details, benefits and the risks that will accompany a specific form of medical intervention. Likewise,